2-4. Long vowels
Many Japanese students find that long vowels are somewhat difficult. Depending on the length of time a vowel is stretched out may alter the word. The tip is to make a long vowel significanty longer than a regular vowel.
Compare こと (koto) and コート (kooto), and さっか(sakka) and サッカー(sakkaa).
Example
building/beer
boy friend/curry
past/parenthesis
old capital/court, coat
map/cheese
novelist/soccor